Academic Background

This research paper investigates player and team performance in the 2022 World Series through the lens of advanced data analytics, aiming to identify the key factors that determine success in professional baseball.

Using three datasets—general batting statistics, advanced batting metrics, and general pitching statistics—the study explores how traditional and modern performance indicators correlate with team outcomes. The analysis ultimately deepens understanding of how data-driven insights can shape team strategy, training, and performance evaluation in baseball.​​

​

Correlation Matrices

Correlation matrices for both teams revealed distinct patterns of success.

• Houston Astros: Positive correlations were found between batted ball events (+0.22), collective player performance (“Others,” +0.27), and team success, emphasizing depth and balanced contribution.

• Philadelphia Phillies: Key positive correlations were with home runs (+0.30), Player Scott’s performance (+0.27), and hard-hit percentage (+0.23), revealing a more individual-dependent offensive model centered around power hitting rather than team-wide consistency.

Space debris—ranging from defunct satellites to rocket fragments—has become one of the most pressing challenges in modern space exploration. With the rapid expansion of satellite constellations in low Earth orbit (LEO), the probability of collisions is rising. The paper cites NASA’s Donald J. Kessler (1978), who predicted a runaway effect of collisions known as the Kessler Syndrome, which could render space unusable for future missions.

We frame the problem as both an engineering and environmental crisis. Current debris ranges from a few millimeters to several meters, and even small fragments traveling at several kilometers per second can severely damage operational spacecraft. The study argues that without an active solution, global satellite operations, including GPS and meteorological systems, could face irreversible disruption.

The paper examines three major active debris removal (ADR) strategies and their limitations:

1. Net/Gripper Method – Uses mechanical arms or nets to capture debris. It is reliable for targeted removal but requires deploying additional satellites, increasing collision risk.

2. Harpoon Method – Offers more secure capture but can fragment debris upon impact, worsening the problem.

3. Laser Ablation Method – Employs high-energy lasers to alter debris trajectories. While it avoids collisions, it is costly and challenging to target small or fast-moving debris precisely.

The electromagnetic debris removal system leverages Lorentz force and electromagnetic induction principles. The process involves:

1. Deploying a debris capture satellite that induces electric charges on debris (negative or positive) using charged panels or electron guns.

2. Once captured, debris is reported to a processing satellite through transmission signals.

3. The processing satellite employs a horseshoe-shaped electromagnet to alter the debris’ orbit, guiding it to a lower trajectory for atmospheric re-entry.

4. To power the process sustainably, the system utilizes solar energy and an electric solar wind sail (e-sail)—a structure that propels itself by reflecting high-energy solar particles.

This design ensures a closed-loop, energy-efficient debris processing system that minimizes both cost and risk.

.

.